Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Co-Morbidities
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چکیده
2.1 Genetic associations Patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) have an increased risk of other autoimmune conditions, such as autoimmune thyroid disease (AIT), celiac disease (CD), Addison’s disease (AD) and vitiligo. These diseases are associated with organ-specific autoantibodies: AIT with thyroid peroxidase (TPO) and thyroglobulin autoantibodies (TG), CD with endomysial (EMA) and transglutaminase (TTG) autoantibodies, and AD with adrenal autoantibodies. Using these autoantibodies, organ-specific autoimmunity may be often detected before the development of clinical disease, in order to prevent significant morbidity related to unrecognized disease (Barker, 2006). The probable mechanism of these associations involves a shared genetic background (Myśliwiec et al., 2008; Smyth et al., 2008). The majority of autoimmune endocrinopathies, including T1D, are inherited as complex genetic traits. Multiple genetic and environmental factors interact with each other to confer susceptibility to these disorders. Genetic risk factors associated with T1D, ATD, CD and AD include HLA genes and non-HLA genes.
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تاریخ انتشار 2012